Echocardiography · Reference Values · Calculators
Frequently Asked Questions
Answers about reference values, normal values and clinical calculators for echocardiography.
How often are the reference values updated?
Reference ranges are updated in sync with publications by the ASE (American Society of Echocardiography) and ESC (European Society of Cardiology). Calculators currently follow ASE 2024 and ESC 2021 guidelines.
Are the calculators gender-specific?
Some calculators, such as the LV mass calculator, use gender- and body-size-specific reference ranges per ASE guidelines. The normal values table on each calculator page shows the specific thresholds.
Which clinical standards are used?
All calculators are based on evidence-based guidelines from leading societies: ASE (American Society of Echocardiography), ESC (European Society of Cardiology), and DEGUM. Exact citations with DOI links are provided on each calculator page.
What is a normal TAPSE value?
A normal TAPSE value is ≥ 17 mm per ASE 2024. Values of 14–16 mm indicate mildly reduced, and values < 14 mm indicate significantly reduced right ventricular function.
Where can I access EchoMastery Pro?
EchoMastery Pro is available as a web app at app.echokardio.de — no download required. It works on all devices directly in the browser. A 7-day free trial is available.
Is there a demo version available?
Yes — calculators marked as "Free" (e.g. TAPSE, LVEF) can be used without registration at no cost. EchoMastery Pro offers a 7-day free trial with access to all 18 calculators.
Are the courses available in languages other than German?
The congress calendar and courses pages list both German-language and international English-language events. The echokardio.de website is fully available in both German and English.
How is LVEF calculated using the Simpson method?
LVEF by Simpson biplane is calculated from end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes: LVEF = (EDV − ESV) / EDV × 100%. Normal LVEF is ≥ 52% (men) or ≥ 54% (women) per ASE 2024.